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-
- ><paragraph>
- >In a previous message, R. Raisch proposed a number of interesting
- >link types. One of them was the attention link, which I want to
- >discuss here. I am uncertain about the need for this link, the
- >technical ability to provide it, and the definition.
- >
- [side note: Jim: what did you use to compose richtext? Ez?]
-
- While all these ideas are very interesting, I sometimes get
- lost in a haze of ideas and scenarios. I'd like to get a handle
- on just what application we're developing here.
-
- The pie-in-the-sky seems to be a distributed, hypermedia CSCW
- (computer supported collaborative work) platform, where multiple authors
- discover, research, read, reply, refute, annotate, author, and otherwise
- exchange information.
-
- Features of such a system might include:
- - distributed access to documents, i.e. a document can be processed
- by a client on another host
- - fulltext searching of large bodies of information
- - direct manipulation query, i.e. point-and-click at the information
- that you're interested in
- - hypertext, i.e. random-access both within documents
- and between documents
- - direct manipulation editing, i.e. editing a representation of
- the end product rather than the source format (WYSIWYG)
- - multimedia documents (formatted text, raster images, line drawings,
- audio, video, structured enclosures)
- - hypermedia (just a term for multimedia hypertext)
-
- In order to refine the model behind such an application and explore
- the functionality different models support, let's have a look at some
- existing applications and an abstract of the model they present.
-
- (terms introduced by _underscores_ are objects defined by the model.)
-
-
- Internet mail: distributed text message interchange
-
- With _user agent_, a user composes a _message_, which
- is delivered by a _transfer agent_ to a _mailbox_, possibly in
- another _domain_, where another user can read the message.
- MIME defines various _types_ of messages, including
- text, images, audio, video, included messages, and
- multipart (complex) types.
- The recieving user may forward the message or reply to the message
- by composing a new message including part or all of the original.
-
-
- USENET news: distributed bulletin board
-
- An _article_ is a special kind of message, addressed to
- a _newsgroup_ rather than a _mailbox_. _Posting software_ enters the
- article into a _repository_. A _news reader_ is a variant of a
- mail user agent that helps a user navigate the articles in the
- repository. It maintains a record of which articles the user
- has read. (Transfer agents fit in somehow, and NNTP adds a client/server
- separation between the news reader/poster and the repository).
-
-
- WAIS: distributed fulltext search and multimedia retrieval
-
- With a _wais client_, a user composes a _question_ consiting of
- some relavent text and some _sources_ to consult. The wais client
- contacts the _server_ for each source and makes a _query_ using the
- relavent text. The servers respond with a scored list of _document
- identifiers_. The user can select a document identifier and instruct
- the client to _retrieve_ the corresponding _document_. The user
- can then refine the question by adding relavent documents or _chunks_
- of relavent documents.
-
-
- FTP: distributed file exchange
-
- A user invokes a _client_ on one _host filesystem_. The client
- logs into a _server_ on another _host filesystem_ using a _username_
- and a _password_. The user indicates a _mode_ and a _directory_
- to the server through the client. The user can request that the
- client display a _directory listing_ from the server, or transfer
- a _named_ _file_ from the server's filesystem to the client's.
-
-
- archie (prospero, really): a distributed file system
-
- A user indicates a _host_, _search term_,
- and _search mode_ to a _client_. The client contacts the _server_
- on that host, issues a query, and displays the resulting list
- of (host|dir|mode|date|seq|size|name|type) _items_.
-
-
- Gopher: distributed hierarchical information browser
-
- The _client_ connects to a _server_ (a _port_ on a _host_)
- and sends it a _selector_. The server either sends back a _document_
- or a _directory_, depending on the _type code_ corresponding to
- the selector (the null selector is defined to be the root directory
- of the server). A directory is a list of _items_. Each item consists
- of a type code, a _name_, a selector, a host, and a port.
-
- The client displays the names for the user, and the user chooses one.
- The client sends the selector to the server indicated by the corresponding
- host and port, and depending on the type code, 0) display the resulting
- document, 1) display the resulting directory, 4-6) decode the resulting
- archive 9) save the resulting document to a file. Codes 2, 7, and
- 8 request services from CSO phone book servers, fulltext gopher servers,
- and telnet hosts respectively.
-
- The client maintains a _stack_ of the directories the user has visited,
- and the user can choose to "go back" in addition to choosing a
- directory item.
-
-
- WWW: a distributed hypertext browser
-
- a WWW _client_ parses an _address_ into a _scheme_, a _server_,
- a _path_, an _anchor id_, and some _search terms_. The client retrieves
- a _document_ from the server using the path and search terms (using
- one of several protocols), and displays the document, indicating
- the _anchor element_ indicated by the anchor id. Documents contain
- _structural elements_ such as headings, lists, etc.
-
- The user requests the next document by either a) choosing one of the
- anchor elements of the document (which specifies an address), or b)
- if the document is an _index_, the user can request a search by supplying
- search terms. The client combines the address of the document with the
- search terms and begins again. Otherwise, the user can choose one of the
- anchor elements and instruct the client to use the corresponding
- address for the next document.
-
-
- GNU Info: online hypertext documentation for applications and products
-
- An info _browser_ displays the root _node_. A user indicates another node
- to display by choosing _up_, _next_, _previous_, choosing a
- _menu item_, or indicating a _note_ to follow.
-
-
- Unix manual: structured text documentation for unix commands and fuctions
-
- A user may request _formatted text display_ of a _page_ by its _name_,
- and _section_, or they may request display of all _permuted index entries_
- (containing names of pages) that match a _string_. The database is defined
- on a per-user basis as a list of _trees_, each contatining a permuted
- index and one or more sections containing one or more pages.
-
-
- Frame: direct manipulation hypermedia editor, hypermedia browser
-
- FrameMaker supports point-and-click editing of _documents_ composed
- of _frames_ containing _objects_ (geometrics graphics and raster images)
- and _textflows_ of _paragraphs_ of formatted text and _markers_, including
- _link sources_ and _link destinations_.
-
- FrameViewer displays a _page_ frame of a document, and allows point-and-click
- access to the link sources. Every document has an implicit firstpage and
- lastpage link destination. Every page has an implicit link to the next
- and previous page.
-
-
- Compare and contrast objects:
-
- Mail messages vs. WAIS documents vs WWW documents vs FTP files
- (unique id's? writable?)
- WAIS source vs. news group
- WAIS server vs. NNTP server vs. gopher server vs HTTP server
- Message-ID vs WAIS docid vs WWW UDI
- WAIS chunk vs. WWW anchor vs. FrameMaker marker
- Info node vs. FrameMaker page vs. WWW document
-
- Compare and contrast features
-
- - distributed access to documents
- mail: no
- news: NNTP allows retrieval of headers by newsgroup or date
- wais:
- - fulltext searching: WAIS vs. WWW vs. gopher
- - direct manipulation query: xwais vs. xgopher vs. NeXT WWW
- - hypertext: WWW vs. GNU Info vs. FrameMaker
- - direct manipulation editing: FrameMaker vs. Andrew vs. Interviews
- - multimedia documents: FrameMaker vs. Gopher vs. MIME vs. WAIS vs. WWW
-
- I'm formulating a model that will hopefully put all these features
- and objects into one framework for discussion, at least.
-
- Dan
-
-